PRBCs can be stored for years using cryopreservation techniques. The maintenance of blood inventory forms a major concern of blood banking particularly of rare blood groups routinely and common blood groups during disasters. To avoid and reduce such complications, blood products are modified as leukoreduced products, irradiated products, volume reduced products, saline washed products and pathogen inactivated products. Such reactions are usually caused by plasma proteins, leucocytes, red cell antigens, plasma and other pathogens. The blood components being foreign to a patient may produce adverse effects that may range from mild allergic manifestations to fatal reactions. A variety of equipments to maintain suitable ambient conditions during storage and transportation are in vogue. Different components need different storage conditions and temperature requirements for therapeutic efficacy. Each blood component is used for a different indication thus the component separation has maximized the utility of one whole blood unit. Transfusion treatment should be tailored individually, based on a clinical decision and the patientвЂ™s response to previous transfusions.The whole blood which is a mixture of cells, colloids and crystalloids can be separated into different blood components namely packed red blood cell (PRBC) concentrate, platelet concentrate, fresh frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate.

RBC transfusion is inappropriate therapy for iron deficiency anaemia unless there is acute bleeding or symptoms of acute physiological stress due to compromised oxygen delivery (for more information on anaemia diagnosis and treatment, please visit the Pre-operative Anaemia page).ДЇor patients who are chronically transfused with RBC, there are no randomized studies to guide threshold or dosing scheme. If one unit of RBC is given to an anaemic and otherwise stable patient, this is a single-unit transfusion provided that no further units are given until seeing a post-transfusion haemoglobin, or stating a new clinical transfusion indication, or within 24 hours after transfusing the first RBC unit. Transfusion of two or more RBC units in succession is associated with an increased risk of pulmonary oedema or transfusion-associated circulatory overload (TACO), especially in the elderly, females and patients with heart or kidney failure, or a positive fluid balance.ДЄ single unit of RBC will often relieve acute symptoms of anaemia and/or raise haemoglobin level in a stable patient to a level above the guideline trigger, in which case transfusion may be unnecessary according to the guideline, or can be postponed or replaced by other anaemia treatment. Transfusion of one unit should be followed by a clinical or laboratory assessment of the patient to review if transfusion therapy is adequate or more units are needed. For RBC transfusion, single-unit dosing has been proven safe when applied together with a restrictive transfusion trigger (pre-transfusion haemoglobin level or symptoms of anaemia) in a number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Blood one unit whole blood